河北省杂粮生产现状及生产布局展望

河北省是杂粮生产大省,且种类繁多。为稳定河北省杂粮生产发展,进一步调整河北省种植业结构提供参考依据,本文总结了河北省杂粮的历史生产现状,包括面积、单产、总产以及河北省各地市杂粮的分布,试图探索杂粮的生产布局与趋势,同时针对河北省杂粮历史单产水平变化趋势,分析了造成单产变化的成因,并简单提出建议。最后提出河北省杂粮生产布局的展望,将河北省杂粮生产区域布局划分为优势主产区、战略提升区、稳步发展区三个功能区。     

Improvement,identification, and target prediction for miRNAs in the porcine genome by using massive,public high-throughput sequencing data

Despite the broad variety of available microRNA (miRNA) research tools and methods, their application to the identification, annotation, and target prediction of miRNAs in nonmodel organisms is still limited. In this study, we collected nearly all public sRNA-seq data to improve the annotation for known miRNAs and identify novel miRNAs that have not been annotated in pigs (Sus scrofa). We newly annotated 210 mature sequences in known miRNAs and found that 43 of the known miRNA precursors were problematic due to redundant/missing annotations or incorrect sequences. We also predicted 811 novel miRNAs with high confidence, which was twice the current number of known miRNAs for pigs in miRBase. In addition, we proposed a correlation-based strategy to predict target genes for miRNAs by using a large amount of sRNA-seq and RNA-seq data. We found that the correlation-based strategy provided additional evidence of expression compared with traditional target prediction methods. The correlation-based strategy also identified the regulatory pairs that were controlled by nonbinding sites with a particular pattern, which provided abundant complementarity for studying the mechanism of miRNAs that regulate gene expression. In summary, our study improved the annotation of known miRNAs, identified a large number of novel miRNAs, and predicted target genes for all pig miRNAs by using massive public data. This large data-based strategy is also applicable for other nonmodel organisms with incomplete annotation information.     

紫花槭秋季叶色表达转录组初步分析

为了丰富紫花槭转录组数据,进一步开展紫花槭秋季叶片呈色机制研究.本研究以紫花槭秋季转色期三个阶段(前期,中期,后期)叶片为材料,采用高通量测序技术进行转录组初步分析.转录组数据共获得50501条Unigene,有35316条Unigene在数据库中得到注释,其中NR数据库中注释到的Unigene数量最多,共35024条,占69.4％.在注释到的物种中,紫花槭比对的Unigene与甜橙(Citrus sinensis)相似度最高,共有4290条,占12.25％.紫花槭转录组中的Unigene根据GO功能可分为生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类,共有25375条,其中生物学过程的基因最多,主要聚集于代谢过程和细胞过程等.基于Unigene库的基因结构分析,其中SSR分析共获得12711个SSR标记,占Unigene总数的36％.SSR位点共包含150种重复基元,单碱基重复所占比例最高(7184个,61.86％),四碱基重复、五碱基重复和六碱基重复所占比例较低.Unigene库中共有328239个SNP位点,发生频率为1/190 bp,SNP位点分为转换和颠换两种类型的碱基替换方式,其中碱基转换位点213787个(65.13％),碱基颠换位点114452个(34.87％),碱基转换类型发生频率高于颠换类型.6种单碱基变异中,2种转换类型A/G、C/T的发生频率分别为33.03％和32.10％;4种颠换类型中A/T发生频率最高,为11.52％;C/G发生频率最低,为5.79％.紫花槭转录组秋季叶色表达的转录组分析,可为紫花槭叶色基因调控、定向分子育种和培育彩叶新品种提供研究提供基础的数据信息.     

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Depolymerized Glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria fuscopunctata,a Novel Anticoagulant Candidate,in Rats by Bioanalytical Methods

dHG-5 (Mw 5.3 kD) is a depolymerized glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. As a selective inhibitor of intrinsic Xase (iXase), preclinical study showed it was a promising anticoagulant candidate without obvious bleeding risk. In this work, two bioanalytical methods based on the anti-iXase and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation activities were established and validated to determine dHG-5 concentrations in plasma and urine samples. After single subcutaneous administration of dHG-5 at 5, 9, and 16.2 mg/kg to rats, the time to peak concentration (T_max) was at about 1 h, and the peak concentration (C_max) was 2.70, 6.50, and 10.11 μg/mL, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life(T_1/2β) was also about 1 h and dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after s.c. administration. Additionally, the pharmacodynamics of dHG-5 was positively correlated with its pharmacokinetics, as determined by rat plasma APTT and anti-iXase method, respectively. dHG-5 was mainly excreted by urine as the unchanged parent drug and about 60% was excreted within 48 h. The results suggested that dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after subcutaneous injection and the pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 are predictable. Studying pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 could provide valuable information for future clinical studies.     

辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌生物学特性及抑菌药剂筛选

研究辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌的生物学特性,对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选,旨在为田间病害规律研究和病害防治提供依据。采用紫外分光光度计测定病原菌在不同温度、pH、NaCl浓度下的生长速率。采用滤纸片抑菌圈法对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选试验。结果表明,辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH 7.0,病原菌的耐盐性为12%。18种供试药剂在药剂推荐使用剂量范围内,四霉素、乙蒜素、77%志信、氯溴异氰尿酸4种药剂对病原菌有抑菌效果,对这4种药剂进行毒力测定,结果表明四霉素的毒力较强,EC₅₀值为11.75 mg/L,毒力强于其他3种试剂,四霉素可作为田间防治药剂的首选。     

玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂对土壤持水性能及冬小麦根系生长的影响

为探讨自制的玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂(SAP)在农业生产上的应用潜力,利用扫描电镜表征了SAP吸水前后形貌变化,探究了SAP施用量对土壤持水性能和不同程度水分胁迫下冬小麦根系生长的影响。结果表明：SAP在土壤中吸水膨胀后降低了土壤容重,土壤最大水分含量较不施SAP显著提高19.1%~67.6%,同时降低了前3天土壤水分蒸发速率。轻度（60%~70%田间持水量）和中度（40%~50%田间持水量）水分胁迫下,施用0.4% w/w SAP处理冬小麦总根长提高15.9%和24.7%,根系活力提高29.6%和43.5%,但充足供水（75%~90%田间持水量）时施用SAP对冬小麦根系活力无显著影响。因此,玉米秸秆基纤维素保水剂施入土壤后能够改善土壤持水性能,从而缓解水分胁迫对冬小麦根系生长的抑制效应。     

苗期调控对晚播小麦产量及氮素利用的影响

针对冬小麦因播期推迟造成产量损失的问题,以2个不同分蘖能力的冬小麦品种中麦8号和航麦501为供试材料,研究苗期覆膜和补施氮肥对晚播小麦产量及氮素利用的影响。试验设置3个播期：10月5日适期播种（S0,对照）、10月15日适当晚播（S1）和10月25日过晚播（S2）。结果表明：随着播期推迟,小麦产量逐渐降低。晚播条件下,苗期覆膜和补施氮肥可调控冬小麦产量构成因素、农艺性状、茎蘖生长、成穗率以及氮素的吸收利用。综合而言,晚播条件下,覆膜和补施氮肥有利于提高小麦穗长、总小穗数及冬前群体数量;同时,覆膜可显著提高2个品种晚播条件下的分蘖成穗率和过晚播条件下的植株氮素积累量（PNA）及氮肥偏生产力（PFP）,增幅分别为46.4%~89.1%、12.7%~26.5%和19.5%~20.1%;补施氮肥在过晚播条件下有利于成穗率的提高,增幅为18.5%~34.7%。2种调控措施均有利于增加晚播小麦产量,增幅达1.4%~19.5%。但不同分蘖力的小麦对2种调控措施的响应存在差异。综合考虑产量及氮素利用等各方面因素,在晚播条件下,相比于补施氮肥,苗期覆膜更有利于提高晚播小麦产量,弥补晚播造成的产量损失,但在实际操作和节约生产成本方面,前者优于后者。     

基于注意力机制及多尺度特征融合的番茄叶片缺素图像分类方法

针对番茄早期缺素性状不明显及各生长期特征差异较大所导致的特征区域尺寸不一致、难提取、难辩别等问题，提出了一种基于注意力机制及多尺度特征融合卷积神经网络的番茄叶片缺素图像分类方法（Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Convolutional Neural Networks Based On Atte ntion Mechanism，MSFF-AM-CNNs）。首先根据番茄叶片缺素特点提出了多尺度特征融合结构（Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Module，MSFF Module）；其次在DenseNet基础上，结合浅层网络主要提取纹理、细节特征，深层网络主要提取轮廓、形状特征的特点分别提出具有针对性的特征提取方法，通过不同形式引入注意力机制及多尺度特征融合结构，使全局多尺度信息融合多个特征通道、选择性地强调信息特征并达到对特征精准定位的功能；同时引入Focal Loss函数以减少易分类样本的权重。试验结果表明，MSFF-AM-CNNs的平均召回率、平均F1得分、平均准确率较原模型DenseNet-121均大幅提升，其中缺氮和缺钾叶片的准确率分别提高了8.06和6.14个百分点，召回率分别提高了6.31和5.00个百分点，F1得分分别提高了7.25和5.55个百分点，平均识别准确率可达95.92%，具有较高的识别准确率及广泛的适用性，能够满足番茄叶片缺素图像的高精度分类需求，可为植物叶片缺素识别提供参考。     

中晚熟粒用高粱不同组合杂交种的筛选

为选育优质中晚熟粒用高粱新材料,本试验采用单因素随机区组设计,以4份不同杂交组合高粱亲本为试验材料,分析不同组合杂交种的生育期、农艺性状及产量性状的差异,筛选最佳的中晚熟粒用高粱组合。高粱组合杂交种的生育期存在差异,但相差不大,生育期最长的高粱组合23A×014-52,生育期为134天,生育期最短的高粱组合147A×014-34,生育期为123天;高粱组合23A×014-52的农艺性状较好;与对照相比,增产的高粱组合为23A×014-52、27A×017-95,其中高粱组合23A×014-52增产明显,较对照高出30.06%。结合分析农艺性状、产量性状等,高粱组合23A×014-52杂种优势较突出,可以作为培育中晚熟粒用高粱的亲本材料。     

Multiplication of the Recombinant Strain Re-7 of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5 in MDCK Cells

This study was conducted to explore the multiplication pattern of the recombinant strain Re-7 of avian influenza virus subtype H5 in Madin Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK) cells and to determine the optimal multiplicity of infection(MOI) and the optimal time for virus harvest. The recombinant strain Re-7 was inoculated at different MOIs into MDCK cells grown in serum-free medium in 100 L bioreactors for replication. Then,the hemagglutination(HA) titer, 50% tissue culture infectious dose(TCID50) and 50% embryo infectious dose(EID50) of culture medium were measured once every 12 h from 24 h after virus inoculation to determine the optimal MOI. After that, virus was inoculated at the optimal MOI deter-mined above into MDCK cells for large-scale virus replication to determine the optimal time for virus harvest. The results showed that the optimal MOI was 10~(-2), and the optimal time for virus harvest was 60 h after inoculation. Under these conditions, the HA titer, TCID_(50) per 1 m L and EID50 per 0.1 m L were increased to 1∶102 4, 10~(7.33) and 10~(6.83), respectively. This study provides relatively stable parameters for large-scale production of the recombinant strain Re-7 of avian influenza virus subtype H5.